Gambling involves wagering something of value (such as money or assets) on an event that is based primarily on chance. The odds — for example, the probability of winning a given amount if you bet X amount on Y — are set by the game provider or operator. In this sense, gambling is similar to other games of chance such as lottery tickets or slot machines. But the term also can apply to a broader range of activities such as betting on sports events, playing poker or video games, and even buying life insurance.
While most people who gamble do so without problems, some people develop a gambling disorder that is serious enough to interfere with their daily functioning and cause distress or impairment. The DSM-5 has designated gambling disorder as a distinct mental illness and defines it as recurrent, preoccupational or compulsive behavior involving risk-taking in the context of altered moods, increased use of coping strategies, and impaired cognitive functions such as memory and concentration.
Most people are familiar with casino gambling, horse racing, or lottery tickets, but there are many ways to gamble that aren’t as obvious. From fantasy leagues and online poker to scratchcards and DIY investing, it has never been easier or more accessible for people to place a bet, especially with the advent of legalized sports betting in some states.
As a result, there are more gamblers than ever before and it is important for physicians to be aware of the prevalence of gambling disorders and their impact on patients’ lives. In addition to recognizing symptoms of problem gambling, physicians can also take steps to support their patients by framing the issue as a health matter rather than as a lifestyle choice, offering support, and monitoring their patient’s behavior over time.
One of the best things a physician can do is to help their patient set boundaries in managing their finances, including how much disposable income they can use for gambling. It is also important to remind their patients that gambling is only a form of entertainment and not an investment, and that they should not consider it their primary source of fun.
If someone is a problem gambler, it is crucial to encourage them to spend their spare time on other activities, seek non-judgemental support from GamCare or speak to their GP. It’s also worth remembering that gambling is a high-risk activity and it can become addictive. This means that a person who has already developed a gambling disorder may be at a higher risk of developing other mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety.