Gambling involves placing a value on a random event with the intention of winning something else of value. It is a form of entertainment and can offer excitement, challenge and social interaction. However, many people can become addicted to gambling and it can cause significant distress and problems in their lives. In addition, it can also affect others around them.
Most adults and adolescents in the United States have gambled at some point. However, a small percentage of those who gamble develop pathological gambling disorder (PGD), which is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that causes significant distress or impairment. In PGD, gambling is accompanied by an intense urge to gamble and difficulty controlling the impulse.
While the desire to win money is a common motivator for gambling, there are many other reasons that people gamble. For example, some people gamble as a way to relieve unpleasant feelings such as stress or anxiety. Others may feel bored or lonely and gamble as a way to pass time. Gambling can also lead to a sense of reward when a person wins, as the brain releases the feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine.
The consequences of pathological gambling can be severe and include jeopardizing relationships, work or educational opportunities, as well as causing financial difficulties. Those struggling with this type of gambling problem often gamble in secret and lie to hide the extent of their involvement. They are compelled to continue gambling even when they are losing, and might increase their bets in a bid to win lost money back. They might also rely on others to provide them with funds to sustain their gambling.
It is important to recognise that there are risk factors for developing a problem with gambling and to seek help if necessary. Taking control of one’s life and finances is essential to prevent gambling from becoming an issue. Gambling should only be done with disposable income and never with money that is needed to pay bills or rent. Gambling should be balanced with other enjoyable activities such as hobbies, spending time with friends who do not gamble and exercising. It is also a good idea to avoid gambling when feeling depressed or upset, as this can lead to larger losses and a cycle of chasing lost money.
If you have concerns about a friend or family member’s gambling habits, it is important to speak out. There are many ways to get support, including non-judgemental and confidential support from the GamCare helpline. You can also take our quick self-assessment and find local support here. To learn more about the risks and benefits of gambling, please visit our information hub. You can also access further information and advice by visiting the websites of GambleAware, the Responsible Gambling Council and the National Gambling Helpline.